ГЛАВА 1

1 ФАО (Продовольственная и сельскохозяйственная организация Объединенных Наций), МФСР (Международный фонд сельскохозяйственного развития), ЮНИСЕФ (Детский фонд Организации Объединенных Наций), ВПП (Всемирная продовольственная программа) и ВОЗ (Всемирная организация здравоохранения). 2017. Положение дел в области продовольственной безопасности и питания в мире – 2017. Повышение устойчивости к внешним воздействиям в целях обеспечения мира и продовольственной безопасности. Рим, ФАО. https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/i7695ru

2 ФАО, МФСР, ЮНИСЕФ, ВПП и ВОЗ. 2018. Положение дел в области продовольственной безопасности и питания в мире – 2018. Повышение устойчивости к климатическим воздействиям в целях обеспечения продовольственной безопасности и питания. Рим, ФАО. https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/i9553ru

3 ФАО, МФСР, ЮНИСЕФ, ВПП и ВОЗ. 2019. Положение дел в области продовольственной безопасности и питания в мире – 2019. Меры защиты от замедления роста экономики и экономических спадов. Рим, ФАО. https://doi.org/10.4060/CA5162RU

4 ФАО, МФСР, ЮНИСЕФ, ВПП и ВОЗ. 2020. Положение дел в области продовольственной безопасности и питания в мире – 2020. Преобразование продовольственных систем для обеспечения финансовой доступности здорового питания. Рим, ФАО. https://doi.org/10.4060/ca9692ru

5 ФАО, МФСР, ЮНИСЕФ, ВПП и ВОЗ. 2021. Положение дел в области продовольственной безопасности и питания в мире – 2021. Преобразование продовольственных систем в интересах обеспечения продовольственной безопасности, улучшения питания и экономической доступности здоровых рационов питания для всех. Рим, ФАО. https://doi.org/10.4060/cb4474ru

6 ФАО, МФСР, ЮНИСЕФ, ВПП и ВОЗ. 2023. Положение дел в области продовольственной безопасности и питания в мире – 2023. Урбанизация, преобразование агропродовольственных систем и здоровый рацион питания в сельско-городском континууме. Рим, ФАО. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc3017ru

7 ФАО, МФСР, ЮНИСЕФ, ВПП и ВОЗ. 2022. Положение дел в области продовольственной безопасности и питания в мире – 2022. Переориентация политики в области продовольствия и сельского хозяйства в интересах повышения экономической доступности здорового питания. Рим, ФАО. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc0639ru

ГЛАВА 2

1 FSIN (Food Security Information Network) & GNAFC (Global Network Against Food Crises). 2024. Global Report on Food Crises 2024. Rome. https://www.fsinplatform.org/report/global-report-food-crises-2024

2 IPC (Integrated Food Security Phase Classification). 2024. IPC. [По состоянию на 29 мая 2024 года]. https://www.ipcinfo.org

3 IPC. 2024. IPC Global Initiative - Special Brief: The Gaza Strip. https://www.ipcinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/ipcinfo/docs/IPC_Gaza_Strip_Acute_Food_Insecurity_Feb_July2024_Special_Brief.pdf

4 IPC. 2021. Technical Manual Version 3.1. Evidence and standards for better food security and nutrition decisions. Rome. https://www.ipcinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/ipcinfo/manual/IPC_Technical_Manual_3_Final.pdf

5 IMF (International Monetary Fund). 2024. World Economic Outlook. Steady but slow: resilience amid divergence. Washington, DC. https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues/2024/04/16/world-economic-outlook-april-2024

6 IMF. 2019. IMF: World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, October 2019. [По состоянию на 24 июня 2024 года]. www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2019/October

7 European Union, FAO, UN-Habitat (United Nations Human Settlements Programme), OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) & World Bank. 2021. Applying the Degree of Urbanisation. A methodological manual to define cities, towns and rural areas for international comparisons. 2021 edition. Luxembourg, Publications Office of the European Union. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3859598/15348338/KS-02-20-499-EN-N.pdf

8 ФАО. 2020. Гендерные последствия пандемии COVID-19 и сбалансированные меры реагирования в области сельского хозяйства, продовольственной безопасности и питания. Рим. https://doi.org/10.4060/ca9198ru

9 UN Women. 2020. Whose time to care? Unpaid care and domestic work during COVID-19. New York, USA. https://data.unwomen.org/sites/default/files/inline-files/Whose-time-to-care-brief_0.pdf

10 Mane, E., Giaquinto, A.M., Cafiero, C., Viviani, S. & Anríquez, G. 2024. Why are women more food insecure than men? Exploring socioeconomic drivers and the role of COVID-19 in widening the global gender gap. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc9160en

11 ФАО, МФСР, ЮНИСЕФ, ВПП и ВОЗ. 2018. Положение дел в области продовольственной безопасности и питания в мире – 2018. Повышение устойчивости к климатическим воздействиям в целях обеспечения продовольственной безопасности и питания. Рим, ФАО. https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/i9553ru

12 ФАО, МФСР, ЮНИСЕФ, ВПП и ВОЗ. 2020. Положение дел в области продовольственной безопасности и питания в мире – 2020. Преобразование продовольственных систем для обеспечения финансовой доступности здорового питания. Рим, ФАО. https://doi.org/10.4060/ca9692ru

13 Verger, E.O., Savy, M., Martin-Prevel, Y., Coates, J., Frongillo, E., Neufeld, L., Saha, K. et al. 2023. Healthy diet metrics: A suitability assessment of indicators for global and national monitoring purposes. Geneva, Switzerland, WHO. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240072138

14 ВОЗ. 2020. Здоровое питание. См: ВОЗ. [По состоянию на 29 мая 2024 года]. https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/healthy-diet

15 ФАО и ВОЗ. 2020. Устойчивое здоровое питание - Руководящие принципы. Рим. https://doi.org/10.4060/ca6640ru

16 ВОЗ. 2023. Применение не содержащих сахар подсластителей: краткое изложение руководства ВОЗ. Женева, Швейцария. https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/375568

17 ВОЗ. 2023. Рекомендации по общему потреблению жиров для предотвращения нездорового набора веса у взрослых и детей: краткое изложение руководства ВОЗ. Женева, Швейцария. https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/375578

18 ВОЗ. 2023. Рекомендации по потреблению насыщенных жирных кислот и транс-изомеров жирных кислот взрослыми и детьми: краткое изложение руководства ВОЗ. Женева, Швейцария. https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/375037

19 ВОЗ. 2023. Рекомендации по потреблению углеводов взрослыми и детьми: краткое изложение руководства ВОЗ. Женева, Швейцария. https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/374926

20 Alvarez-Sanchez, C., Moltedo, A., Troubat, N., Manyani, T., Yassin, F., Kepple, A. & Cafiero, C. 2021. The relationship between food insecurity and dietary outcomes – An analysis conducted with nationally representative data from Kenya, Mexico, Samoa, and the Sudan. FAO Statistics Working Paper 21-25. Rome, FAO. https://doi.org/10.4060/cb6217en

21 Maitra, C. 2018. A review of studies examining the link between food insecurity and malnutrition. Rome, FAO. https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/ca1447en

22 Global Diet Quality Project. 2024. Global Diet Quality Project. [По состоянию на 25 апреля 2024 года]. https://www.dietquality.org

23 Women’s Dietary Diversity Project (WDDP) Study Group. 2017. Development of a dichotomous indicator for population-level assessment of dietary diversity in women of reproductive age. Current Developments in Nutrition, 1(12): cdn.117.001701. https://doi.org/10.3945/cdn.117.001701

24 ФАО. 2023. Мониторинг достижения связанных с продовольствием и сельским хозяйством показателей ЦУР, 2023 год. Рим. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc7088ru

25 Herforth, A., Bai, Y., Venkat, A., Mahrt, K., Ebel, A. & Masters, W.A. 2020. Cost and affordability of healthy diets across and within countries. Background paper for The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2020. FAO Agricultural Development Economics Technical Study No. 9. Rome, FAO. https://doi.org/10.4060/cb2431en

26 World Bank. 2024. International Comparison Program (ICP). См.: World Bank. [По состоянию на 29 мая 2024 года]. https://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/icp

27 Bai, Y., Conti, V., Ebel, A., Cafiero, C., Herforth, A., Rissanen, M.O., Rosero Moncayo, J. & Masters, W.A. (Готовится к публикации). Methods for monitoring the cost of a healthy diet based on price data from the International Comparison Program. FAO Statistics Division Working Paper. Rome, FAO.

28 Herforth, A., Venkat, A., Bai, Y., Costlow, L., Holleman, C. & Masters, W.A. 2022. Methods and options to monitor the cost and affordability of a healthy diet globally. Background paper to The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2022. FAO Agricultural Development Economics Working Paper 22-03. Rome, FAO. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc1169en

29 ФАО, МФСР, ЮНИСЕФ, ВПП и ВОЗ. 2022. Положение дел в области продовольственной безопасности и питания в мире – 2022. Переориентация политики в области продовольствия и сельского хозяйства в интересах повышения экономической доступности здорового питания. Рим, ФАО. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc0639ru

30 Jolliffe, D. & Prydz, E.B. 2021. Societal poverty: a relative and relevant measure. The World Bank Economic Review, 35(1): 180–206. https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhz018

31 Bai, Y., Herforth, A., Cafiero, C., Conti, V., Rissanen, M.O., Masters, W.A. & Rosero Moncayo, J. (Готовится к публикации). Methods for monitoring the affordability of a healthy diet. FAO Statistics Division Working Paper. Rome, FAO.

32 Gerszon Mahler, D., Yonzan, N., Hill, R., Lakner, C., Wu, H. & Yoshida, N. 2022. Pandemic, prices, and poverty. См.: World Bank Blogs. [По состоянию на 29 мая 2024 года]. https://blogs.worldbank.org/en/opendata/pandemic-prices-and-poverty

33 ФАО. 2024. Индекс продовольственных цен ФАО. См.: Положение с продовольствием в мире. [По состоянию на 29 мая 2024 года]. https://www.fao.org/worldfoodsituation/foodpricesindex/ru

34 World Bank. 2024. World Bank DataBank: World Development Indicators. [По состоянию на 14 марта 2024 года]. https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators

35 IMF. 2022. Macroeconomic developments and prospects in low-income countries - 2022. Policy Papers, 2022(054). https://doi.org/10.5089/9798400227813.007.A001

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37 WHO. 2024. SDG Target 2.2 Malnutrition. См.: WHO The Global Health Observatory. [По состоянию на 25 апреля 2024 года]. https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/topics/sdg-target-2_2-malnutrition

38 WHO & UNICEF. 2019. The extension of the 2025 maternal, infant and young child nutrition targets to 2030. WHO/UNICEF discussion paper. Geneva, Switzerland and New York, USA. https://data.unicef.org/resources/who-unicef-discussion-paper-nutrition-targets

39 ECOSOC (United Nations Economic and Social Council). 2020. Report of the Inter-Agency and Expert Group on Sustainable Development Goal Indicators. https://tcg.uis.unesco.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2020/10/TCG-7-REF-1.pdf

40 WHO. 2013. Global action plan for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases 2013-2020. Geneva, Switzerland. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241506236

41 UNSCN (United Nations System Standing Committee on Nutrition). 2024. The Decade of Action on Nutrition 2016-2025. См.: UNSCN. [По состоянию на 25 апреля 2024 года]. https://www.unscn.org/en/topics/un-decade-of-action-on-nutrition

42 Herman, D.R., Taylor Baer, M., Adams, E., Cunningham-Sabo, L., Duran, N., Johnson, D.B. & Yakes, E. 2014. Life course perspective: Evidence for the role of nutrition. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 18(2): 450–461. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-013-1280-3

43 Stevens, G.A., Beal, T., Mbuya, M.N.N., Luo, H., Neufeld, L.M., Addo, O.Y., Adu-Afarwuah, S. et al. 2022. Micronutrient deficiencies among preschool-aged children and women of reproductive age worldwide: a pooled analysis of individual-level data from population-representative surveys. The Lancet Global Health, 10(11): e1590–e1599. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00367-9

44 Berger, S.G., de Pee, S., Bloem, M.W., Halati, S. & Semba, R.D. 2007. Malnutrition and morbidity are higher in children who are missed by periodic vitamin A capsule distribution for child survival in rural Indonesia. The Journal of Nutrition, 137(5): 1328–1333. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/137.5.1328

45 Barker, D.J. 1995. Fetal origins of coronary heart disease. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 311(6998): 171–174. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.311.6998.171

46 Karakochuk, C.D., Whitfield, K.C., Green, T.J. & Kraemer, K., eds. 2017. The biology of the first 1,000 days. Boca Raton, USA, CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315152950

47 Perumal, N., Blakstad, M.M., Fink, G., Lambiris, M., Bliznashka, L., Danaei, G. & Sudfeld, C.R. 2021. Impact of scaling up prenatal nutrition interventions on human capital outcomes in low- and middle-income countries: a modeling analysis. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 114(5): 1708–1718. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqab234

48 Lassi, Z.S., Padhani, Z.A., Rabbani, A., Rind, F., Salam, R.A., Das, J.K. & Bhutta, Z.A. 2020. Impact of dietary interventions during pregnancy on maternal, neonatal, and child outcomes in low- and middle-income countries. Nutrients, 12(2): 531. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12020531

49 Martorell, R., Melgar, P., Maluccio, J.A., Stein, A.D. & Rivera, J.A. 2010. The nutrition intervention improved adult human capital and economic productivity. The Journal of Nutrition, 140(2): 411. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.109.114504

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52 Saad, R.A. & Qutob, H.M. 2022. The relationship between anemia and obesity. Expert Review of Hematology, 15(10): 911–926. https://doi.org/10.1080/17474086.2022.2131521

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ГЛАВА 3

1 Díaz-Bonilla, E. 2021. Financing SDG2 and ending hunger. Food Systems Summit Brief prepared by Research Partners of the Scientific Group for the Food Systems Summit, May 11th, 2021. Washington, DC, IFPRI. https://sc-fss2021.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/FSS_Brief_Financing_SDG2_and_Ending_Hunger.pdf

2 Díaz-Bonilla, E., Swinnen, J. & Vos, R. 2021. Financing the transformation to healthy, sustainable, and equitable food systems. См.: 2021 Global Food Policy Report: Transforming food systems after COVID-19. pp. 20–23. Washington, DC, IFPRI (International Food Policy Research Institute). https://doi.org/10.2499/9780896293991

3 Havemann, T. & Speckhardt, C. 2020. Mobilizing additional financial resources for nutrition. Männedorf, Switzerland, Clarmondial AG. https://www.shareweb.ch/site/Agriculture-and-Food-Security/focusareas/Documents/nutrition_keydocs_sdc_financing_nutrition.pdf

4 Shekar, M., Shibata Okamura, K., Gautam, M., Christiaensen, L. & Gentilini, U. 2021. Financing SDG2: Hunger and malnutrition – what will it take? См.: World Bank Blogs. [По состоянию на 23 апреля 2024 года]. https://blogs.worldbank.org/en/voices/financing-sdg2-hunger-and-malnutrition-what-will-it-take

5 Eber-Rose, M., Laborde, D. & Murphy, S. 2020. Ending Hunger Sustainably: Trends in official development assistance (ODA) spending for agriculture. Cornell University, IFPRI and IISD. https://ceres2030.iisd.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/ceres2030-en-2020-ehs-tends-official-development-assistance-spending-for-agriculture.pdf

6 GDPRD (Global Donor Platform for Rural Development). 2011. Aid to agriculture, rural development: Unpacking aid flows for enhanced transparency, accountability for rural development and food security and aid effectiveness. Bonn, Germany.

7 FAO & Shamba Centre for Food & Climate. (Готовится к публикации). Towards a common definition of aid for food security and nutrition. – Background note. Rome and Geneva, Switzerland, FAO and Shamba Centre for Food & Climate..

8 ODI (Overseas Development Institute). 2012. Measuring aid to agriculture and food security. London. https://cdn.odi.org/media/documents/7588.pdf

9 ZEF (Center for Development Research of the University of Bonn) & FAO. 2020. Investment costs and policy action opportunities for reaching a world without hunger (SDG2). Joint report. Bonn, Germany. https://doi.org/10.4060/cb1497en

10 European Commission. 2016. Report from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council. Implementing EU food and nutrition security policy commitments: second biennial report – Annexes. Brussels. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=SWD:2016:0155:FIN:EN:PDF

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12 AFSI (L’Aquila Food Security Initiative). 2012. L’Aquila Food Security Initiative (AFSI) 2012 Report. L’Aquila, Italy. https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/202922.pdf

13 ФАО, МФСР, ЮНИСЕФ, ВПП и ВОЗ. 2017. Положение дел в области продовольственной безопасности и питания в мире – 2017. Повышение устойчивости к внешним воздействиям в целях обеспечения мира и продовольственной безопасности. Рим, ФАО. https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/i7695ru

14 Zoubek, S., Lateef, A., Carrasco Azzini, G. & Holleman, C. (Готовится к публикации). Reorientation, innovation and the global architecture for food security and nutrition financing – Background paper for The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2024. FAO Agricultural Development Economics Working Paper. Rome, FAO.

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17 OECD. 2024. Official development assistance – definition and coverage. См.: OECD. [По состоянию на 25 марта 2024 года]. https://www.oecd.org/dac/financing-sustainable-development/development-finance-standards/officialdevelopmentassistancedefinitionandcoverage.htm

18 OECD. 2024. OECD: DAC and CRS code lists. [По состоянию на 24 июля 2024 года]. https://webfs.oecd.org/oda/DataCollection/Resources/DAC-CRS-CODES.xls

19 Ofosu-Mensah Ababio, J., Aboagye, A.Q.Q., Barnor, C. & Agyei, S.K. 2022. Foreign and domestic private investment in developing and emerging economies: A review of literature. Cogent Economics & Finance, 10(1): 2132646. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2022.2132646

20 ФАО. 2012. Положение дел в области продовольствия и сельского хозяйства – 2012 год: инвестирование в сельское хозяйство ради улучшения будущего. Рим. https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/i3028r

21 ФАО, МФСР, ЮНИСЕФ, ВПП и ВОЗ. 2023. Положение дел в области продовольственной безопасности и питания в мире – 2023. Урбанизация, преобразование агропродовольственных систем и здоровый рацион питания в сельско-городском континууме. Рим, ФАО. https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/cc3017ru

22 Chichaibelu, B.B., Bekchanov, M., von Braun, J. & Torero, M. 2023. The global cost of reaching a world without hunger: Investment costs and policy action opportunities. См.: J. von Braun, K. Afsana, L.O. Fresco & M.H.A. Hassan, eds. Science and Innovations for Food Systems Transformation. pp. 625–660. Cham, Switzerland, Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15703-5_34

23 Gyimah-Brempong, K. & Adesugba, M. 2015. Agricultural aid and food security in Africa. https://www.aeaweb.org/conference/2016/retrieve.php?pdfid=21639&tk=EFbbTTah

24 Jensen, R.T. & Miller, N.H. 2010. A revealed preference approach to measuring hunger and undernutrition. Working Paper 16555. Cambridge, USA, National Bureau of Economic Research. http://www.nber.org/papers/w16555

25 Herforth, A. 2016. Impact assessment of policies to support healthy food environments and healthy diets: Implementing the Framework for Action of the Second International Conference on Nutrition. UNSCN (United Nations System Standing Committee on Nutrition). Discussion Paper. Geneva, Switzerland, UNSCN. https://www.unscn.org/en/unscn-publications?idnews=1279

26 ГЭВУ (Группа высокого уровня по продовольственной безопасности и питанию Комитета по всемирной продовольственной безопасности). 2017. Питание и продовольственные системы. Доклад Группы высокого уровня по продовольственной безопасности и питанию Комитета по всемирной продовольственной безопасности. Рим. https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/i7846ru

27 ГЭВУ. 2020. Создание глобальной концепции: продовольственной безопасности и питания на период до 2030 года. Доклад Группы высокого уровня по продовольственной безопасности и питанию Комитета по всемирной продовольственной безопасности. Рим. https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/ca9731ru

28 Kraak, V.I., Swinburn, B., Lawrence, M. & Harrison, P. 2014. An accountability framework to promote healthy food environments. Public Health Nutrition, 17(11): 2467–2483. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980014000093

29 ФАО, МФСР, ЮНИСЕФ, ВПП и ВОЗ. 2020. Положение дел в области продовольственной безопасности и питания в мире – 2020. Преобразование продовольственных систем для обеспечения финансовой доступности здорового питания. Рим, ФАО. https://doi.org/10.4060/ca9692ru

30 ФАО, МФСР, ЮНИСЕФ, ВПП и ВОЗ. 2021. Положение дел в области продовольственной безопасности и питания в мире – 2021. Преобразование продовольственных систем в интересах обеспечения продовольственной безопасности, улучшения питания и экономической доступности здоровых рационов питания для всех. Рим, ФАО. https://doi.org/10.4060/cb4474ru

31 FSIN & GNAFS. 2024. Global Report on Food Crises 2024. Rome. https://www.fsinplatform.org/report/global-report-food-crises-2024/

32 GNAFC. 2024. 2023 Financing Flows and Food Crises Report – Analysis of humanitarian and development financing flows to food sectors in food crisis countries. Rome. https://www.fightfoodcrises.net/sites/default/files/2024-02/Financing_Flows_and_Food_Crises_Report_2023.pdf

33 ФАО, МФСР, ЮНИСЕФ, ВПП и ВОЗ. 2019. Положение дел в области продовольственной безопасности и питания в мире – 2019. Меры защиты от замедления роста экономики и экономических спадов. Рим, ФАО. https://doi.org/10.4060/CA5162RU

34 ФАО, МФСР, ЮНИСЕФ, ВПП и ВОЗ. 2018. Положение дел в области продовольственной безопасности и питания в мире – 2018. Повышение устойчивости к климатическим воздействиям в целях обеспечения продовольственной безопасности и питания. Рим, ФАО. https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/i9553ru

35 IFAD, World Bank & United Nations Food Systems Coordination Hub. 2024. Tracking Financial Flows to Food Systems (3FS): Methodological approach. Rome.

ГЛАВА 4

1 Pernechele, V., Fontes, F., Baborska, R., Nkuingoua, J., Pan, X. & Tuyishime, C. 2021. Public expenditure on food and agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa: Trends, challenges and priorities. Rome, FAO. https://doi.org/10.4060/cb4492en

2 ФАО, МФСР, ЮНИСЕФ, ВПП и ВОЗ. 2022. Положение дел в области продовольственной безопасности и питания в мире – 2022. Переориентация политики в области продовольствия и сельского хозяйства в интересах повышения экономической доступности здорового питания. Рим, ФАО. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc0639ru

3 Takeshima, H. 2024. Public expenditure’s role in reducing poverty and improving food and nutrition security: Cross-country evidence from SPEED data. The European Journal of Development Research. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41287-023-00623-8

4 Kasililika-Mlagha, E.C. 2021. The impact of public agriculture expenditure on food security and nutrition in the Southern African Development Community (SADC). Pretoria, University of Pretoria, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development. https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/78131/Kasililika-Mlagha_Impact_2021.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

5 Sers, C.F. & Mughal, M. 2018. From Maputo to Malabo: Public agricultural spending and food security in Africa. https://hal.science/hal-01844094

6 Miyawaki, A., Evans, C.E.L., Lucas, P.J. & Kobayashi, Y. 2021. Relationships between social spending and childhood obesity in OECD countries: An ecological study. BMJ Open, 11(2): e044205. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044205

7 ФАО, МФСР, ЮНИСЕФ, ВПП и ВОЗ. 2020. Положение дел в области продовольственной безопасности и питания в мире – 2020. Преобразование продовольственных систем для обеспечения финансовой доступности здорового питания. Рим, ФАО. https://doi.org/10.4060/ca9692ru

8 ФАО, МФСР, ЮНИСЕФ, ВПП и ВОЗ. 2023. Положение дел в области продовольственной безопасности и питания в мире – 2023. Урбанизация, преобразование агропродовольственных систем и здоровый рацион питания в сельско-городском континууме. Рим, ФАО. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc3017ru

9 OECD. 2024. OECD: OECD Data Explorer: Official Devlopment Assistance (ODA). [По состоянию на 24 июля 2024 года]. https://data-explorer.oecd.org/?fs[0]=Topic%2C1%7CDevelopment
%23DEV%23%7COfficial%20Development%20Assistance%20%28ODA%29%23DEV_ODA%23&pg=0&fc=Topic&bp=true&snb=11

10 AidData. 2024. См.: AidData. [По состоянию на 25 марта 2024 года]. https://www.aiddata.org

11 World Bank & KNOMAD (Global Knowledge Partnership on Migration and Development). 2023. Leveraging diaspora finances for private capital mobilization. Migration and Development Brief 39. Washington, DC. https://www.knomad.org/sites/default/files/publication-doc/migration_development_brief_39_0.pdf

12 Samdrup, T., Fogarty, J., Pandit, R., Iftekhar, Md.S. & Dorjee, K. 2023. Does FDI in agriculture in developing countries promote food security? Evidence from meta-regression analysis. Economic Analysis and Policy, 80: 1255–1272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2023.10.012

13 Gilmore, A.B., Fabbri, A., Baum, F., Bertscher, A., Bondy, K., Chang, H.-J., Demaio, S. et al. 2023. Defining and conceptualising the commercial determinants of health. The Lancet, 401(10383): 1194–1213. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)00013-2

14 Cuevas García-Dorado, S., Cornselsen, L., Smith, R. & Walls, H. 2019. Economic globalization, nutrition and health: a review of quantitative evidence. Globalization and Health, 15(1): 15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-019-0456-z

15 Slater, S., Lawrence, M., Wood, B., Serodio, P. & Baker, P. 2024. Corporate interest groups and their implications for global food governance: mapping and analysing the global corporate influence network of the transnational ultra-processed food industry. Globalization and Health, 20(1): 16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-024-01020-4

16 Lane, M.M., Gamage, E., Du, S., Ashtree, D.N., McGuinness, A.J., Gauci, S., Baker, P. et al. 2024. Ultra-processed food exposure and adverse health outcomes: Umbrella review of epidemiological meta-analyses. BMJ, 384: e077310. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2023-077310

17 Monteiro, C.A., Martínez-Steele, E. & Cannon, G. 2024. Reasons to avoid ultra-processed foods. BMJ, 384: q439. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.q439

18 Bandy, L., Jewell, J., Luick, M., Rayner, M., Li, Y., Shats, K., Jebb, S., Chang, S. & Dunford, E. 2023. The development of a method for the global health community to assess the proportion of food and beverage companies’ sales that are derived from unhealthy foods. Globalization and Health, 19(1): 94. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-023-00992-z

19 Fardet, A. & Rock, E. 2020. Ultra-processed foods and food system sustainability: What are the links? Sustainability, 12(15): 6280. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12156280

20 Anastasiou, K., Baker, P., Hadjikakou, M., Hendrie, G.A. & Lawrence, M. 2022. A conceptual framework for understanding the environmental impacts of ultra-processed foods and implications for sustainable food systems. Journal of Cleaner Production, 368: 133155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133155

21 Convergence. 2023. State of Blended Finance 2023: Climate edition. Toronto, Canada. https://www.convergence.finance/resource/state-of-blended-finance-2023/view

22 Convergence. 2020. State of Blended Finance 2020. Toronto, Canada. https://www.convergence.finance/resource/the-state-of-blended-finance-2020/view

23 Multilateral Development Banks & Development Finance Institutions. 2023. Mobilization of private finance 2020+2021 joint report. https://www.ifc.org/content/dam/ifc/doc/2023-delta/mdbs-joint-report-on-mobilization-of-private-finance-2020-21.pdf

24 ФАО. 2024. ФАОСТАТ: Кредиты по сельскому хозяйству. [По состоянию на 24 июля 2024 года]. https://www.fao.org/faostat/ru/#data/IC

25 ISF Advisors. 2022. The state of the agri-SME sector – Bridging the finance gap. FCDO (Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office). https://isfadvisors.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/ISF_AgriSME-Finance-state-of-the-sector-report.pdf

26 FAO. 2024. FAOSTAT: Capital Stock. [По состоянию на 24 июля 2024 года]. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/CS. Licence: CC-BY-4.0.

27 Sánchez, M.V. & Cicowiez, M. 2014. Trade-offs and payoffs of investing in human development. World Development, 62: 14–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.04.012

28 FAO. 2015. Achieving Zero Hunger: The critical role of investments in social protection and agriculture. Rome. https://www.fao.org/3/i4951e/i4951e.pdf

29 Mason-D’Croz, D., Sulser, T.B., Wiebe, K., Rosegrant, M.W., Lowder, S.K., Nin-Pratt, A., Willenbockel, D. et al. 2019. Agricultural investments and hunger in Africa modeling potential contributions to SDG2 – Zero Hunger. World Development, 116: 38–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.12.006

30 Laborde, D., Bizikova, L., Lallemant, T. & Smaller, C. 2016. Ending hunger: What would it cost? Winnipeg, Canada and Washington, DC, IISD and IFPRI. https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/ending-hunger-what-would-it-cost.pdf

31 Laborde, D., Murphy, S., Parent, M., Porciello, J. & Smaller, C. 2020. Ceres2030: Sustainable solutions to end hunger – Summary report. Cornell University, IFPRI and IISD. https://ceres2030.iisd.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/ceres2030_en-summary-report.pdf

32 ZEF & FAO. 2020. Investment costs and policy action opportunities for reaching a world without hunger (SDG2). Joint report. Bonn, Germany. https://doi.org/10.4060/cb1497en

33 Shekar, M., Kakietek, J., Dayton Eberwein, J. & Walters, D. 2017. An investment framework for nutrition: Reaching the global targets for stunting, anemia, breastfeeding, and wasting. Washington, DC, World Bank. https://hdl.handle.net/10986/26069

34 Development Initiatives. 2021. 2021 Global Nutrition Report: The state of global nutrition. Bristol, UK. https://globalnutritionreport.org/documents/851/2021_Global_Nutrition_Report_aUfTRv0.pdf

35 Laborde, D. & Torero, M. 2023. Modeling actions for transforming agrifood systems. См.: J. von Braun, K. Afsana, L.O. Fresco & M.H.A. Hassan, eds. Science and Innovations for Food Systems Transformation. pp. 105–132. Cham, Switzerland, Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15703-5_7

36 WFP. 2023. Estimating the food security impact of cuts in WFP assistance: A look at the highly affected operations using micro-data. Rome. https://docs.wfp.org/api/documents/WFP-0000152402/download

37 FSIN & GNAFS. 2024. Global Report on Food Crises 2024. Rome. https://www.fsinplatform.org/report/global-report-food-crises-2024

38 Lischer, S.K. 2017. The global refugee crisis: Regional destabilization & humanitarian protection. Daedalus, 146(4): 85–97. https://doi.org/10.1162/DAED_a_00461

39 Haer, R. & Hecker, T. 2019. Recruiting refugees for militarization: The determinants of mobilization attempts. Journal of Refugee Studies, 32(1): 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fey002

40 Salehyan, I. 2018. The strategic case for refugee resettlement. Washington, DC, Niskanen Center. https://www.niskanencenter.org/wp-content/uploads/old_uploads/2018/09/NC-Refugee-Paper-SalehyanElec_FINAL.pdf

41 Milner, J. 2019. Refugees, peacebuilding, and paternalism: Lessons from Mozambique. См.: M. Bradley, J. Milner & B. Peruniak, eds. Refugees’ roles in resolving displacement and building peace: Beyond beneficiaries. pp. 115–131. Washington, DC, Georgetown University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvfrxq90.11

42 Omata, N. 2015. Displacement economies in Africa: Paradoxes of crisis and creativity. Journal of Refugee Studies, 28(4): 597–599. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fev026

43 IDMC (Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre). 2023. 2023 Global Report on Internal Displacement. Geneva, Switzerland. https://www.internal-displacement.org/global-report/grid2023

44 UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees). 2023. Global trends. См.: UNHCR. [По состоянию на 24 апреля 2024 года]. https://www.unhcr.org/global-trends

45 WFP. 2017. 2017 - At the root of exodus: Food security, conflict and international migration. Rome. https://www.wfp.org/publications/2017-root-exodus-food-security-conflict-and-international-migration

46 OECD. 2024. ODA levels in 2023 – preliminary data. Detailed summary note. Paris. https://www.oecd.org/dac/ODA-summary-2023.pdf

47 Akseer, N., Tasic, H., Nnachebe Onah, M., Wigle, J., Rajakumar, R., Sanchez-Hernandez, D., Akuoku, J. et al. 2022. Economic costs of childhood stunting to the private sector in low- and middle-income countries. eClinicalMedicine, 45: 101320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101320

48 AUC (African Union Commission) & COHA (Cost of Hunger in Africa). 2020. The cost of hunger in Africa (COHA) continental report. Social and economic impact of child undernutrition. https://au.int/sites/default/files/documents/41660-doc-COHA_CONTINENTAL_REPORTEnglish20211.pdf

49 World Obesity Federation. 2023. World Obesity Atlas 2023. London. https://data.worldobesity.org/publications/WOF-Obesity-Atlas-V5.pdf

50 Okunogbe, A., Nugent, R., Spencer, G., Powis, J., Ralston, J. & Wilding, J. 2022. Economic impacts of overweight and obesity: current and future estimates for 161 countries. BMJ Global Health, 7(9): e009773. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2022-009773

51 Brero, M., Meyer, C.L., Jackson-Morris, A., Spencer, G., Ludwig-Borycz, E., Wu, D., Espinosa De Candido, A.F. et al. 2023. Investment case for the prevention and reduction of childhood and adolescent overweight and obesity in Mexico. Obesity Reviews, 24(9): e13595. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.13595

52 Ma, G., Meyer, C.L., Jackson-Morris, A., Chang, S., Narayan, A., Zhang, M., Wu, D. et al. 2024. The return on investment for the prevention and treatment of childhood and adolescent overweight and obesity in China: a modelling study. The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific, 43: 100977. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanwpc.2023.100977

53 Food and Land Use Coalition. 2019. Growing better: Ten critical transitions to transform food and land use. https://www.foodandlandusecoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/FOLU-GrowingBetter-GlobalReport.pdf

54 ФАО. 2023. Положение дел в области продовольствия и сельского хозяйства – 2023. Выявление реальной стоимости продовольствия с целью преобразования агропродовольственных систем. Рим. https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/cc7724ru

55 Foster, V., Rana, A. & Gorgulu, N. 2022. Understanding public spending trends for infrastructure in developing countries. Policy Research Working Paper 9903. Washington, DC, World Bank. https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/727991642167519238/pdf/Understanding-Public-Spending-Trends-for-Infrastructure-in-Developing-Countries.pdf

56 World Bank. 2022. Tanzania Agriculture Public Expenditure Review 2022. Washington, DC. https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/099940006282220953/pdf/P1770630615f6e0e0bd4f0286e88583775.pdf

57 FAO, UNDP (United Nations Development Programme) & UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme). 2021. A multi-billion-dollar opportunity – Repurposing agricultural support to transform food systems. In brief. Rome, FAO. https://doi.org/10.4060/cb6562en

58 Gautam, M., Mamun, A., Martin, W. & Vos, R. 2022. Repurposing agricultural policies and support: Options to transform agriculture and food systems to better serve the health of people, economies, and the planet. Washington, DC, World Bank. https://hdl.handle.net/10986/36875

59 Sánchez, M.V., Cicowiez, M., Pernechele, V. & Battaglia, L. (Готовится к публикации). The opportunity cost of not optimally repurposing public expenditure in food and agriculture in sub-Saharan African countries – Background paper for The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2024. FAO Agricultural Development Economics Working Paper. Rome, FAO.

60 Sánchez, M.V. & Cicowiez, M. 2022. Repurposing agriculture’s public budget to align healthy diets affordability and agricultural transformation objectives in Ethiopia – Background paper for The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2022. FAO Agricultural Development Economics Working Paper 22-04. Rome, FAO. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc1174en

ГЛАВА 5

1 World Bank. 2024. How does the World Bank classify countries? См.: World Bank Data. [По состоянию на 26 апреля 2024 года]. https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/378834-how-does-the-world-bank-classify-countries

2 IDA (International Development Association). 2024. What Is IDA? См.: IDA. [По состоянию на 26 апреля 2024 года]. https://ida.worldbank.org/en/about

3 UN DESA. 2024. LDC identification criteria & indicators. См.: United Nations. [По состоянию на 9 мая 2024 года]. https://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/least-developed-country-category/ldc-criteria.html

4 UNCDF (United Nations Capital Development Fund). 2024. What We Do – Mobilizing and deploying impact capital for development in the LDCs is more critical now than ever. См.: UNCDF. [По состоянию на 9 мая 2024 года]. https://www.uncdf.org/whatwedo

5 IMF. 2018. Guidance note on the bank-fund Debt Sustainability Framework for Low Income Countries. Washington, DC. https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/Policy-Papers/Issues/2018/02/14/pp122617guidance-note-on-lic-dsf

6 Mustapha, S. & Prizzon, A. 2018. Africa’s rising debt: How to avoid a new crisis. Briefing note. London, ODI. https://cdn.odi.org/media/documents/12491.pdf

7 Robertson, F. 2024. Urgent solutions for a new era of debt distress. См.: ONE Data & Analysis. [По состоянию на 9 мая 2024 года]. https://data.one.org/data-dives/debt

8 Landers, C. & Aboneaaj, R. 2022. How the global debt crisis could make the hunger crisis worse. См.: Center for Global Development. [По состоянию на 26 апреля 2024 года]. https://www.cgdev.org/blog/how-global-debt-crisis-could-make-hunger-crisis-worse

9 World Bank. 2020. Country Policy and Institutional Assessment (CPIA). Washington, DC. https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/b8464ff32b31e488bd3aec5437c3cc92-0290032021/original/CPIAFAQ2020.pdf

10 ФАО, МФСР, ЮНИСЕФ, ВПП и ВОЗ. 2021. Положение дел в области продовольственной безопасности и питания в мире – 2021. Преобразование продовольственных систем в интересах обеспечения продовольственной безопасности, улучшения питания и экономической доступности здоровых рационов питания для всех. Рим, ФАО. https://doi.org/10.4060/cb4474ru

11 Drummond, P., Daal, W., Srivastava, N. & Oliveira, L.E. 2012. Mobilizing revenue in sub-Saharan Africa: Empirical norms and key determinants. Washington, DC, IMF. https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WP/Issues/2016/12/31/Mobilizing-Revenue-in-Sub-Saharan-Africa-Empirical-Norms-and-Key-Determinants-25882

12 Zouhaier, A. 2019. The role of political instability and corruption on foreign direct investment in the MENA region. Faculty of Economic and Management of Sousse University of Sousse, Tunisia. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/95732/1/MPRA_paper_95732.pdf

13 Wang Qingshi, A., Muhammad Akbar, A. & Junaid, A. 2020. The impact of political risk and institutions on food security. Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal, 8(3): 924–941. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/CRNFSJ.8.3.21

14 Bollaert, H., Lopez-de-Silanes, F. & Schwienbacher, A. 2021. Fintech and access to finance. Journal of Corporate Finance, 68: 101941. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2021.101941

15 World Bank. 2016. World Development Report 2016: Digital dividends. Washington, DC. https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/wdr2016

16 Eber-Rose, M., Laborde, D. & Murphy, S. 2020. Ending Hunger Sustainably: Trends in official development assistance (ODA) spending for agriculture. Cornell University, IFPRI and IISD. https://ceres2030.iisd.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/ceres2030-en-2020-ehs-tends-official-development-assistance-spending-for-agriculture.pdf

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