Положение дел в области продовольствия и сельского хозяйства 2024

Методология

1 ФАО. 2023. Положение дел в области продовольствия и сельского хозяйства – 2023. Выявление реальной стоимости продовольствия с целью преобразования агропродовольственных систем. Рим, ФАО. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc7724ru

2 ФАО. 2024. Каким образом скрытые издержки и выгоды функционирования агропродовольственных систем можно эффективно интегрировать в выработку решений для преобразования? См. Глобальный форум по вопросам продовольственной безопасности и питания (Форум по ПБП). [По состоянию на 22 марта 2024 года]. https://www.fao.org/fsnforum/index.php/ru/call-submissions/hidden-costs-and-benefits-agrifood-systems

3 Chopra, F. & Haaland, I. 2023. Conducting Qualitative Interviews with AI. CESifo Working Paper No. 10666. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4583756

Глоссарий

1 ФАО. 2021. Доклад о работе Совета ФАО – Сто шестьдесят шестая сессия: 26 апреля – 1 мая 2021 года. Рим. CL 166/REP https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/f9c4540d-838a-4d09-893e-177a903a8950/content

2 ФАО. 2021. Стратегическая рамочная программа ФАО на 2022–2031 годы. Рим. https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/7d91015d-7779-4ed8-8d55-27c774cc630a/content

3 OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). 2024. Agricultural financial support. См. OECD. [По состоянию на 13 июня 2024 года]. http://data.oecd.org/agrpolicy/agricultural-support.htm

4 TEEB (The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity). 2018. TEEB for agriculture & food: Scientific and economic foundations. Geneva, Switzerland, UN Environment. https://teebweb.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Foundations_Report_Final_October.pdf

5 Atkinson, G. & Pearce, D. 1995. Measuring sustainable development. См. D.W. Bromley, ed. Handbook of Environmental Economics, pp. 166–182. Oxford, UK, Blackwell.

6 Jansson, A., Hammer, M., Folke, C. & Costanza, R., eds. 1994. Investing in Natural Capital: The Ecological Economics Approach To Sustainability. Washington, DC, Island Press.

7 ESGVoices. 2024. Corporate Social Responsibility - Part 1: Definition, History, Pyramid, and Models of CSR. См. ESGVoices. [По состоянию на 13 июня 2024 года]. https://www.esgvoices.com/post/corporate-social-responsibility-part-1-definition-history-pyramid-and-models-of-csr

8 Lord, S. 2020. Valuing the impact of food: Towards practical and comparable monetary valuation of food system impacts. Oxford, UK, FoodSIVI. https://foodsivi.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Valuing-the-impact-of-food-Report_Foodsivi.pdf

9 Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco. 2002. What is the difference between private and social costs, and how do they relate to pollution and production? См. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco. [По состоянию на 14 марта 2024 года]. https://www.frbsf.org/education/publications/doctor-econ/2002/november/private-social-costs-pollution-production/

10 ФАО, МФСР (Международный фонд сельскохозяйственного развития), ЮНИСЕФ (Детский фонд Организации Объединенных Наций), ВПП (Всемирная продовольственная программа) и ВОЗ (Всемирная организация здравоохранения). 2024. Положение дел в области продовольственной безопасности и питания в мире – 2024. Финансирование деятельности по ликвидации голода, отсутствия продовольственной безопасности и неполноценного питания во всех его формах. Рим, ФАО. https://doi.org/10.4060/cd1254ru

11 IHME (Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation). 2024. Diet. См. IHME. [По состоянию на 14 июня 2024 года]. https://www.healthdata.org/research-analysis/health-risks-issues/diet

12 IHME. 2024. Global Burden of Disease (GBD). См. IHME. [По состоянию на 14 июня 2024 года]. https://www.healthdata.org/research-analysis/about-gbd

13 Mas-Colell, A., Whinston, M.D. & Green, J.R. 1995. Microeconomic theory. New York, USA, Oxford University Press. http://www.hawkinqian.com/uploads/media/2014/09/Microeconomic_Theory.pdf

14 Splawski, P. & Lukács, E. 2024. #1 What is ESG? См. Deloitte. [По состоянию на 13 июня 2024 года]. https://www2.deloitte.com/ce/en/pages/global-business-services/articles/esg-explained-1-what-is-esg.html

15 IMF (International Monetary Fund). 2018. Assessing Fiscal Space: An Update and Stocktaking. [По состоянию на 31 июля 2024 года]. https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/Policy-Papers/Issues/2018/06/15/pp041118assessing-fiscal-space

16 Silva, P., Araújo, R., Lopes, F. & Ray, S. 2023. Nutrition and Food Literacy: Framing the Challenges to Health Communication. Nutrients, 15(22): 4708. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15224708

17 FAO. 2014. Developing sustainable food value chains – Guiding principles. Rome. http://www.fao.org/3/i3953e/i3953e.pdf

18 ФАО. 2011. Положение дел в области продовольствия и сельского хозяйства 2010-11 – Женщины в сельском хозяйстве. Устранение гендерного разрыва в интересах развития. Rome. https://www.fao.org/4/i2050e/i2050e.pdf

19 ФАО. 2023. Положение дел в области продовольствия и сельского хозяйства – 2023. Выявление реальной стоимости продовольствия с целью преобразования агропродовольственных систем. Рим, ФАО. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc7724ru

20 Georgiev, N. 2024. Procurement vs Purchasing and Procurement vs Sourcing. См. BlueCart. [По состоянию на 13 июня 2024 года]. https://www.bluecart.com/blog/procurement-vs-purchasing-vs-sourcing

21 Cambridge Dictionary. 2023. Materiality. См. Cambridge Dictionary. [По состоянию на 31 июля 2024 года]. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/materiality

22 Eigenraam, M., Jekums, A., Mcleod, R., Obst, C. & Sharma, K. 2020. Applying the TEEBAgriFood Evaluation Framework – Overarching Implementation Guidance. Global Alliance for the Future of Food. https://futureoffood.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/GA_TEEBAgriFood_Guidance.pdf

23 ВОЗ. 2023. Неинфекционные заболевания. См. ВОЗ. [По состоянию на 29 мая 2024 года]. . https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/noncommunicable-diseases

24 WHO. 2013. Global action plan for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases 2013-2020. [По состоянию на 29 мая 2024 года]. https://www.who.int/publications-detail-redirect/9789241506236

25 Thaler, R.H. & Sunstein, C.R. 2009. Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth, and Happiness. Revised and expanded edition. New York, USA, Penguin Books.

26 North, D.C. 1991. Institutions. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 5(1): 97–112. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.5.1.97

27 FAO. 2017. Strengthening sector policies for better food security and nutrition results: Political economy analysis. Policy Guidance Note, No. 8. Rome. http://www.fao.org/3/i7212en/I7212EN.pdf

28 Varian, H.R. 1992. Microeconomic analysis. 3rd edition. New York, USA, Norton. https://hostnezt.com/cssfiles/economics/Microeconomic%20Analysis%203rd%20Ed%20By%20Hal%20Varian.pdf

29 Lord, S. 2023. Hidden costs of agrifood systems and recent trends from 2016 to 2023 – Background paper for The State of Food and Agriculture 2023. FAO Agricultural Development Economics Technical Study, No. 31. Rome, FAO. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc8581en

30 United Nations. 2017. Adopting an analytical framework on risk and resilience: a proposal for more proactive, coordinated and effective United Nations action. New York, USA. https://unsceb.org/sites/default/files/imported_files/RnR_0.pdf

31 IPBES (Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services). 2016. The methodological assessment of scenarios and models of biodiversity and ecosystem services – Summary for policymakers. Bonn, Germany, IPBES Secretariat. https://www.ipbes.net/sites/default/files/downloads/pdf/SPM_Deliverable_3c.pdf

32 United Nations. 2021. Policy Scenario Analysis using SEEA Ecosystem Accounting. [По состоянию на 31 июля 2024 года]. https://seea.un.org/content/policy-scenario-analysis-using-seea-ecosystem-accounting

33 Burlingame, B. & Dernini, S., eds. 2012. Sustainable Diets and Biodiversity – Directions and solutions for policy, research and action. Rome, FAO. https://www.fao.org/4/i3004e/i3004e.pdf

34 UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme), TEEB, Capitals Coalition & GAFF (Global Alliance for the Future of Food). 2021. True cost accounting for food systems: Redefining value to transform decision-making. Technical Briefing Note. https://teebweb.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/TechnicalBriefingNote.pdf

35 True Price Foundation. 2024. About True Pricing. См. True Price Foundation. [По состоянию на 14 июня 2024 года]. https://www.truepricefoundation.org/index.php/about-true-price/

Глава 1

1 ФАО, МФСР, ЮНИСЕФ, и ВОЗ. 2024. Положение дел в области продовольственной безопасности и питания в мире – 2024. Финансирование деятельности по ликвидации голода, отсутствия продовольственной безопасности и неполноценного питания во всех его формах. https://doi.org/10.4060/cd1254ru

2 Ruggeri Laderchi, C., Lotze-Campen, H., DeClerck, F., Fesenfeld, L. & Hunecke, C. 2024. The Economics of the Food System Transformation. Global Policy Report. Food System Economics Commission (FSEC). https://foodsystemeconomics.org/wp-content/uploads/FSEC-Global_Policy_Report.pdf

3 Организация Объединенных Наций. 2023. Призыв Генерального секретаря к действиям по ускорению преобразования продовольственных систем. См. Координационный центр ООН по продовольственным системам Организации Объединенных Наций. [По состоянию на 28 марта 2024 года]. https://www.unfoodsystemshub.org/fs-stocktaking-moment/documentation/un-secretary-general-call-to-action/ru?instrck=eyJhIjoiODA5ZDgzYWYtZDlmZC1hNDg0LWYwZDktMWNlY2RmNDc0MmMmM3IiwicyI6ImZkZZjk0MGJiLWJiNTctNGYwOS04YjYwLTdjYWI5MGQ0MzkzMyIsImQiOiJXZWJzaXRlIiwidCI6MTY5MTQQzMDk0OTIxN30%3d

4 TEEB. 2018. TEEB for agriculture & food: Scientific and economic foundations. Geneva, Switzerland, UN Environment. https://teebweb.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Foundations_Report_Final_October.pdf

5 Impact Institute. 2023. The current field of true cost accounting – An analysis of the similarities and differences of True Cost Accounting frameworks. TCA Accelerator. https://tcaaccelerator.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/The-Current-Field-of-True-Cost-Accounting-Final.pdf

6 Richardson, R. 2021. We know how to act. Nature Food, 2(9): 635–636. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-021-00367-w

7 Hall, M.R. 2015. A transdisciplinary review of the role of economics in life cycle sustainability assessment. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 20(12): 1625–1639. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-015-0970-z

8 Spurgeon, J., Harte, C., Gough, M., Santamaria, M., McNair, D. & VAN members. 2022. A Navigation Through Value Accounting Methods. Capitals Coalition. [По состоянию на 31 июля 2024 года]. https://capitalscoalition.org/publication/a-navigation-through-value-accounting-methods

9 UNEP. 2024. Applying TEEB for Agriculture and Food to Inform Food System Policy: Modeling Guidance and Case Studies. [По состоянию на 31 июля 2024 года]. https://wedocs.unep.org/20.500.11822/46133

10 Capitals Coalition. 2023. TEEB for agriculture and food: operational guidelines for business – Putting nature and people at the centre of food system transformation. London. https://capitalscoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/TEEB-for-Agriculture-and-Food-Operational-Guidelines-for-Business.pdf

11 Eigenraam, M., Jekums, A., Mcleod, R., Obst, C. & Sharma, K. 2020. Applying the TEEBAgriFood Evaluation Framework – Overarching Implementation Guidance. GAFF (Global Alliance for the Future of Food). https://futureoffood.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/GA_TEEBAgriFood_Guidance.pdf

12 TEEB. 2023. Country Implementation. См. TEEB. [По состоянию на 26 апреля 2023 года]. https://teebweb.org/our-work/agrifood/country-implementation

13 Springmann, M., Van Dingenen, R., Vandyck, T., Latka, C., Witzke, P. & Leip, A. 2023. The global and regional air quality impacts of dietary change. Nature Communications, 14(1): 6227. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-41789-3

14 Willett, W., Rockström, J., Loken, B., Springmann, M., Lang, T., Vermeulen, S., Garnett, T. et al. 2019. Food in the Anthropocene: the EAT–Lancet Commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems. The Lancet, 393(10170): 447–492. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31788-4

15 ФАО, МФСР, ЮНИСЕФ, ВПП и ВОЗ. 2022. Положение дел в области продовольственной безопасности и питания в мире – 2022. Переориентация политики в области продовольствия и сельского хозяйства в интересах повышения экономической доступности здорового питания. Рим, ФАО. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc0639ru

16 Mathers, C.D. 2020. History of global burden of disease assessment at the World Health Organization. Archives of Public Health, 78(1): 77. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-020-00458-3

17 Lord, S. 2023. Hidden costs of agrifood systems and recent trends from 2016 to 2023 – Background paper for The State of Food and Agriculture 2023. FAO Agricultural Development Economics Technical Study, No. 31. Rome, FAO. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc8581en

18 Global Burden of Disease Network. 2024. Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021): Results. [По состоянию на 7 марта 2024 года]. https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-results

19 Lord, S. 2024. Hidden costs of agrifood systems: An update to the methodology for the State of Food and Agriculture 2024. Rome, FAO.

20 Vos, T., Lim, S.S., Abbafati, C., Abbas, K.M., Abbasi, M., Abbasifard, M., Abbasi-Kangevari, M. et al. 2020. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The Lancet, 396(10258): 1204–1222. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30925-9

21 Allen, N. 2023. GBD 2019 study informs industry yet crucial questions remain unanswered. The Lancet, 401(10378): 731. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)00317-3

22 Stanton, A.V., Leroy, F., Elliott, C., Mann, N., Wall, P. & Smet, S.D. 2022. 36-fold higher estimate of deaths attributable to red meat intake in GBD 2019: is this reliable? The Lancet, 399(10332): e23–e26. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00311-7

23 Murray, C.J.L. & GBD Risk Factors Collaborators. 2022. 36-fold higher estimate of deaths attributable to red meat intake in GBD 2019: is this reliable? – Author’s reply. The Lancet, 399(10332): e27–e28. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00518-9

24 Global Burden of Disease Collaborative Network. 2020. Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019): Results. [По состоянию на 23 сентября 2022 года]. https://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-2019

25 Baer-Nawrocka, A. & Sadowski, A. 2019. Food security and food self-sufficiency around the world: A typology of countries. PLOS ONE, 14(3): e0213448. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213448

26 ГЭВУ (Группа высокого уровня по продовольственной безопасности и питанию Комитета по всемирной продовольственной безопасности). 2017. Питание и продовольственные системы. Доклад Группы высокого уровня по продовольственной безопасности и питанию Комитета по всемирной продовольственной безопасности. Рим, ФАО. https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/i7846ru

27 Marshall, Q., Fanzo, J., Barrett, C.B., Jones, A.D., Herforth, A. & McLaren, R. 2021. Building a Global Food Systems Typology: A New Tool for Reducing Complexity in Food Systems Analysis. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 5: 746512. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2021.746512

28 Pingali, P., Ricketts, K. & Sahn, D.E. 2015. Agriculture for Nutrition: Getting Policies Right. См. D.E. Sahn, ed. The Fight Against Hunger and Malnutrition: The Role of Food, Agriculture, and Targeted Policies. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198733201.003.0008

29 Ambikapathi, R., Schneider, K.R., Davis, B., Herrero, M., Winters, P. & Fanzo, J.C. 2022. Global food systems transitions have enabled affordable diets but had less favourable outcomes for nutrition, environmental health, inclusion and equity. Nature Food, 3(9): 764–779. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-022-00588-7

30 Food Systems Dashboard. 2024. Food Systems Dashboard. [По состоянию на 1 марта 2024 года]. https://foodsystemsdashboard.org

31 FSIN (Food Security Information Network) & Global Network Against Food Crises. 2022. Global report on food crises 2022 – Joint analysis for better decisions: Mid-year update. Rome. https://www.fsinplatform.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/GRFC%202022%20MYU%20Final_0_0.pdf

32 Arslan, A., Cattaneo, A., Benitez Humanes, M., McMenomy, T., Ranuzzi, E. & Sadiddin, A. 2024. A typology for agrifood systems – Background paper for The State of Food and Agriculture 2024. Rome.

33 IFAD. 2021. Transforming food systems for rural prosperity – Rural Development report 2021. [По состоянию на 31 июля 2024 года]. https://www.ifad.org/en/rural-development-report

34 ФАО. 2017. Положение дел в области продовольствия и сельского хозяйства – 2017: использование продовольственных систем для всеобъемлющих преобразований в сельских районах. Рим, ФАО. https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/i7658ru

35 Reardon, T. & Timmer, C.P. 2012. The Economics of the Food System Revolution. Annual Review of Resource Economics, 4(1): 225–264. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.resource.050708.144147

36 Timmer, P. 1988. Chapter 8: The agricultural transformation. См. Handbook of Development Economics, pp. 275–331. Vol. 1. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1573-4471(88)01011-3

37 Lord, S. & Ingram, J.S.I. 2021. Measures of equity for multi-capital accounting. Nature Food, 2(9): 646–654. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-021-00336-3

Глава 2

1 Independent Group of Scientists appointed by the Secretary-General. 2019. Global Sustainable Development Report 2019: The Future is Now – Science for Achieving Sustainable Development. New York, USA, United Nations. https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2020-07/24797GSDR_report_2019.pdf

2 UNFSS (United Nations Food Systems Summit). 2021. Secretary-General’s Chair Summary and Statement of Action on the UN Food Systems Summit. См. United Nations. [По состоянию на 15 мая 2024 года]. https://www.un.org/en/food-systems-summit/news/making-food-systems-work-people-planet-and-prosperity

3 FAO. 2023. Achieving SDG 2 without breaching the 1.5 °C threshold: A global roadmap, Part 1. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc9113en

4 Ruggeri Laderchi, C., Lotze-Campen, H., DeClerck, F., Fesenfeld, L. & Hunecke, C. 2024. The Economics of the Food System Transformation. Global Policy Report. FSEC. https://foodsystemeconomics.org/wp-content/uploads/FSEC-Global_Policy_Report.pdf

5 Steiner, A., Aguilar, G., Bomba, K., Bonilla, J.P., Campbell, A., Echeverria, R., Gandhi, R. et al. 2020. Actions to Transform Food Systems Under Climate Change. Wageningen, Kingdom of the Netherlands, CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS). [По состоянию на 31 июля 2024 года]. https://cgspace.cgiar.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/cc13c9f3-f6d7-4f1e-89ce-c9e5207191c5/content

6 Sundiang, M., Oliveira, T.D., Mason-D’Croz, D., Gibson, M., Herrero, M., Lotze-Campen, H., Beier, F. et al. 2024. Assessing the Individual and Cumulative Impacts of Drivers in Food Systems Transformation through a Multi-Model Ensemble Paradigm. Presented during the 27th Annual Conference on Global Economic Analysis, (Fort Collins, USA). [По состоянию на 31 июля 2024 года]. http://www.gtap.agecon.purdue.edu/resources/res_display.asp?RecordID=7330

7 Marshall, Q., Fanzo, J., Barrett, C.B., Jones, A.D., Herforth, A. & McLaren, R. 2021. Building a Global Food Systems Typology: A New Tool for Reducing Complexity in Food Systems Analysis. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 5: 746512. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2021.746512

8 Ambikapathi, R., Schneider, K.R., Davis, B., Herrero, M., Winters, P. & Fanzo, J.C. 2022. Global food systems transitions have enabled affordable diets but had less favourable outcomes for nutrition, environmental health, inclusion and equity. Nature Food, 3(9): 764–779. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-022-00588-7

9 Arslan, A., Cattaneo, A., Benitez Humanes, M., McMenomy, T., Ranuzzi, E. & Sadiddin, A. 2024. A typology for agrifood systems. Rome, FAO.

10 Timmer, P. 1988. Chapter 8: The agricultural transformation. См. Handbook of Development Economics, pp. 275–331. Vol. 1. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1573-4471(88)01011-3

11 Masters, W.A., Finaret, A.B. & Block, S.A. 2022. Chapter 90 – The economics of malnutrition: Dietary transition and food system transformation. Handbook of Agricultural Economics, 6: 4997–5083. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.hesagr.2022.03.006

12 FSIN & Global Network Against Food Crises. 2023. 2023 Global Report on Food Crises – Joint analysis for better decisions. Rome. https://www.fsinplatform.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/GRFC2023-compressed.pdf

13 Kuznets, S. 1985. Economic Growth and Income Inequality. См. The Gap Between Rich And Poor. Routledge.

14 Global Burden of Disease Collaborative Network. 2024. Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021): Results. [По состоянию на 7 июня 2024 года]. https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-results

15 Food Systems Dashboard. 2021. Food Systems Dashboard. [По состоянию на 17 февраля 2021 года]. https://foodsystemsdashboard.org

16 Diaz-Bonilla, E. 2023. Financing the Transformation of Food Systems: A Flow of Funds Approach. Working Paper. FSEC. https://foodsystemeconomics.org/wp-content/uploads/Diaz-Bonilla-2023.pdf

17 HDP Nexus Coalition. 2023. Catalysts for Change: Cobflich, Hunger and the Strategic Positioning of the HDP Nexus Coalition. https://www.fightfoodcrises.net/sites/default/files/resource/file/HDP_Catalysts_for_Change.pdf

18 World Bank. 2017. The Humanitarian-Development-Peace Initiative. См. World Bank. [По состоянию на 25 января 2018 года]. http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/fragilityconflictviolence/brief/the-humanitarian-development-peace-initiative

19 FAO. 2018. Corporate Framework to support sustainable peace in the context of Agenda 2030. Rome. https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/eac6b2ac-a7c2-4bda-9018-ba474b31c4d2/content

20 FSIN & Global Network Against Food Crises. 2022. Global report on food crises 2022 – Joint analysis for better decisions: Mid-year update. Rome. https://www.fsinplatform.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/GRFC%202022%20MYU%20Final.pdf

21 FSIN and Global Network Against Food Crises. 2023. Global Report on Food Crises 2023 Mid-Year Update. См. FSIN. [По состоянию на 24 мая 2024 года]. https://www.fsinplatform.org/global-report-food-crises-2023-mid-year-update

22 ВПП. 2020. Йемен. См. ВПП. [По состоянию на 24 мая 2024 года]. https://ru.wfp.org/emergencies/yemen-emergency?_ga=2.84492762.2103756755.1727180947-1009462347.1698331713

23 FAO. 2019. Yemen Emergency Livelihoods Response Plan 2019 – Supporting agricultural-based livelihoods. Rome. https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/ca3280en

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29 FAO. 2022. The future of food and agriculture – Drivers and triggers for transformation. The Future of Food and Agriculture, No. 3. Rome. www.fao.org/3/cc0959en/cc0959en.pdf

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31 Passaro, A., Hemmelder, A. & Smith, T. 2023. FSEC – cost of action for the food system transformation. Working Paper. FSEC. https://foodsystemeconomics.org/wp-content/uploads/Passaro-et-al.-2023.pdf

32 Springmann, M., Wiebe, K., Mason-D’Croz, D., Sulser, T.B., Rayner, M. & Scarborough, P. 2018. Health and nutritional aspects of sustainable diet strategies and their association with environmental impacts: a global modelling analysis with country-level detail. The Lancet Planetary Health, 2(10): e451–e461. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(18)30206-7

33 Willett, W., Rockström, J., Loken, B., Springmann, M., Lang, T., Vermeulen, S., Garnett, T. et al. 2019. Food in the Anthropocene: the EAT–Lancet Commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems. The Lancet, 393(10170): 447–492. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31788-4

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37 Springmann, M. & Freund, F. 2022. Options for reforming agricultural subsidies from health, climate, and economic perspectives. Nature Communications, 13(1): 82. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27645-2

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40 Lord, S. 2022. Incurred and avoided external costs from the removal of agricultural trade barriers and farm sector subsidies. Background Report for the Food System Economic Commission. Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford.

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42 Afshin, A., Peñalvo, J.L., Gobbo, L.D., Silva, J., Michaelson, M., O’Flaherty, M., Capewell, S. et al. 2017. The prospective impact of food pricing on improving dietary consumption: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLOS ONE, 12(3): e0172277. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0172277

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45 Grimsrud, K.M., Lindhjem, H., Sem, I.V. & Rosendahl, K.E. 2020. Public acceptance and willingness to pay cost-effective taxes on red meat and city traffic in Norway. Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy, 9(3): 251–268. https://doi.org/10.1080/21606544.2019.1673213

46 Reynolds, J.P., Archer, S., Pilling, M., Kenny, M., Hollands, G.J. & Marteau, T.M. 2019. Public acceptability of nudging and taxing to reduce consumption of alcohol, tobacco, and food: A population-based survey experiment. Social Science & Medicine (1982), 236: 112395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112395

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Глава 3

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21 Ronzani, P., Stojetz, W., Azzarri, C., Nico, G., Mane, E. & Brück, T. 2024. Armed conflict and gendered participation in agrifood systems: Survey evidence from 29 African countries – Background paper for The status of women in agrifood systems. Rome, FAO. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc9077en

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62 Sandhu, H. 2022. How an accounting tool can help us move beyond environment, social, and governance reporting (ESG) to action. LSE Business Review, 10 October 2022. https://eprints.lse.ac.uk/117546/1/businessreview_2022_10_10_how_an_accounting_tool_can_help_us_move_beyond_environment_social_and_governance_reporting_esg_to_action.pdf

63 Frey, S., Bar Am, J., Doshi, V., Malik, A. & Noble, S. 2023. Consumers care about sustainability – and back it up with their wallets. New York City, USA, McKinsey & Company and NielsenIQ. [По состоянию на 31 июля 2024 года]. https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/consumer-packaged-goods/our-insights/consumers-care-about-sustainability-and-back-it-up-with-their-wallets#

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66 FAO. 2024. Global Soil Partnership. См. FAO. [По состоянию на 31 июля 2024 года]. https://www.fao.org/global-soil-partnership

67 ОЭСР и ФАО. 2020. Руководство ОЭСР-ФАО по ответственным производственно сбытовым цепочкам в сфере сельского хозяйства. Париж. https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/i6074ru

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71 Baker, L., Castilleja, G., De Groot Ruiz, A. & Jones, A. 2020. Prospects for the true cost accounting of food systems. Nature Food, 1(12): 765–767. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-020-00193-6

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81 Michalke, A., Stein, L., Fichtner, R., Gaugler, T. & Stoll-Kleemann, S. 2022. True cost accounting in agri-food networks: a German case study on informational campaigning and responsible implementation. Sustainability Science, 17(6): 2269–2285. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-022-01105-2

82 Oebel, B., Stein, L., Michalke, A., Stoll-Kleemann, S. & Gaugler, T. 2024. Towards true prices in food retailing: the value added tax as an instrument transforming agri-food systems. Sustainability Science. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-024-01477-7

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60 Rollins, N.C., Bhandari, N., Hajeebhoy, N., Horton, S., Lutter, C.K., Martines, J.C., Piwoz, E.G., Richter, L.M. & Victora, C.G. 2016. Why invest, and what it will take to improve breastfeeding practices? The Lancet, 387(10017): 491–504. [По состоянию на 31 июля 2024 года]. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(15)01044-2/fulltext

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62 Smith, J.P. 2019. Counting the cost of not breastfeeding is now easier, but women’s unpaid health care work remains invisible. Health Policy and Planning, 34(6): 479–481. [По состоянию на 31 июля 2024 года]. https://academic.oup.com/heapol/article-abstract/34/6/479/5531187

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82 Pérez-Escamilla, R., Lutter, C. k., Rabadan-Diehl, C., Rubinstein, A., Calvillo, A., Corvalán, C., Batis, C. et al. 2017. Prevention of childhood obesity and food policies in Latin America: from research to practice. Obesity Reviews, 18(S2): 28–38. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12574

83 Taillie, L.S., Bercholz, M., Popkin, B., Reyes, M., Colchero, M.A. & Corvalán, C. 2021. Changes in food purchases after the Chilean policies on food labelling, marketing, and sales in schools: a before and after study. The Lancet – Planetary Health, 5(8): e526–e533. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(21)00172-8

84 Taillie, L.S., Reyes, M., Colchero, M.A., Popkin, B. & Corvalán, C. 2020. An evaluation of Chile’s Law of Food Labeling and Advertising on sugar-sweetened beverage purchases from 2015 to 2017: A before-and-after study. PLOS Medicine, 17(2): e1003015. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003015

85 Reyes, M., Taillie, L.S., Popkin, B., Kanter, R., Vandevijvere, S. & Corvalán, C. 2020. Changes in the amount of nutrient of packaged foods and beverages after the initial implementation of the Chilean Law of Food Labelling and Advertising: A nonexperimental prospective study. PLOS Medicine, 17(7): e1003220. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003220

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87 Bastagli, F., Hagen-Zanker, J., Harman, L., Barca, V., Sturge, G. & Schmidt, T. 2019. The Impact of Cash Transfers: A Review of the Evidence from Low- and Middle-income Countries. Journal of Social Policy, 48: 569–594. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047279418000715

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90 Ruggeri Laderchi, C., Lotze-Campen, H., DeClerck, F., Fesenfeld, L. & Hunecke, C. 2024. The Economics of the Food System Transformation. Global Policy Report. FSEC. https://foodsystemeconomics.org/wp-content/uploads/FSEC-Global_Policy_Report.pdf

91 World Bank. 2018. The State of Social Safety Nets 2018. Washington, DC. http://hdl.handle.net/10986/29115

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93 Hidrobo, M., Hoddinott, J., Kumar, N. & Olivier, M. 2018. Social Protection, Food Security, and Asset Formation. World Development, 101: 88–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.08.014

94 Bailey, M.J., Hoynes, H., Rossin-Slater, M. & Walker, R. 2024. Is the Social Safety Net a Long-Term Investment? Large-Scale Evidence From the Food Stamps Program. The Review of Economic Studies, 91(3): 1291–1330. https://doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdad063

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98 Vos, R., Elouafi, I. & Swinnen, J. 2024. Famine in Gaza, questions for research and preventive action. Nature Food, 5: 346–348. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-024-00990-3

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101 Barahona, N., Otero, C. & Otero, S. 2020. Equilibrium Effects of Food Labeling Policies. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3698473

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107 Negowetti, N., Ambwani, S., Karr, S., Rodgers, R.F. & Austin, S.B. 2022. Digging up the dirt on “clean” dietary labels: Public health considerations and opportunities for increased Federal oversight. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 55(1): 39–48. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.23585

108 Barahona, N., Otero, C., Otero, S. & Kim, J. 2022. On the Design of Food Labeling Policies. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4079728

109 Correa, T., Fierro, C., Reyes, M., Dillman Carpentier, F.R., Taillie, L.S. & Corvalan, C. 2019. Responses to the Chilean law of food labeling and advertising: exploring knowledge, perceptions and behaviors of mothers of young children. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 16(1): 21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-019-0781-x

110 Schruff-Lim, E.-M., Van Loo, E.J., van Kleef, E. & van Trijp, H.C.M. 2023. Turning FOP nutrition labels into action: A systematic review of label+ interventions. Food Policy, 120: 102479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2023.102479

111 De Bauw, M., De La Revilla, L.S., Poppe, V., Matthys, C. & Vranken, L. 2022. Digital nudges to stimulate healthy and pro-environmental food choices in E-groceries. Appetite, 172: 105971. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2022.105971

112 Gustafson, C.R. & Zeballos, E. 2019. Cognitive aids and food choice: Real-time calorie counters reduce calories ordered and correct biases in calorie estimates. Appetite, 141: 104320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2019.104320

113 WHO. 2010. Set of recommendations on the marketing of foods and non-alcoholic beverages to children. См. IRIS. https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/44416

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117 Jensen, M.L., Dillman Carpentier, F.R., Adair, L., Corvalán, C., Popkin, B.M. & Taillie, L.S. 2021. TV advertising and dietary intake in adolescents: a pre- and post- study of Chile’s Food Marketing Policy. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 18(1): 60. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-021-01126-7

118 Belot, M. & James, J. 2011. Healthy school meals and educational outcomes. Journal of Health Economics, 30(3): 489–504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2011.02.003

119 Vik, F.N., Van Lippevelde, W. & Øverby, N.C. 2019. Free school meals as an approach to reduce health inequalities among 10–12- year-old Norwegian children. BMC Public Health, 19(1): 951. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7286-z

120 Cohen, J.F.W., Hecht, A.A., McLoughlin, G.M., Turner, L. & Schwartz, M.B. 2021. Universal School Meals and Associations with Student Participation, Attendance, Academic Performance, Diet Quality, Food Security, and Body Mass Index: A Systematic Review. Nutrients, 13(3): 911. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13030911

121 Maiz, E., Urkia-Susin, I., Urdaneta, E. & Allirot, X. 2021. Child Involvement in Choosing a Recipe, Purchasing Ingredients, and Cooking at School Increases Willingness to Try New Foods and Reduces Food Neophobia. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 53(4): 279–289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2020.12.015

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123 An, S., Ahn, H., Woo, J., Yun, Y. & Park, Y.K. 2021. Effectiveness of nutrition education intervention focusing on fruits and vegetables in children aged six years and under: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Nutrition and Health, 54(5): 515–533. [По состоянию на 31 июля 2024 года]. https://e-jnh.org/DOIx.php?id=10.4163/jnh.2021.54.5.515

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125 Rappleye, J., Komatsu, H. & Nishiyama, S. 2024. School food, sustainability, and interdependence: learning from Japan’s Shokuiku? Oxford Review of Education, 0(0): 1–19. [По состоянию на 31 июля 2024 года]. https://doi.org/10.1080/03054985.2023.2296097

126 Schwartz, A. 2018. True Cost Accounting Resources. См. CSANR Washington State University. [По состоянию на 26 июля 2024 года]. https://csanr.wsu.edu/tca-resources/

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128 Kahneman, D. 2011. Thinking, Fast and Slow. Farrar, Straus and Giroux.

129 Shin, S., Gandhi, M., Puri, J. & Finkelstein, E. 2024. Influencing the nutritional quality of grocery purchases: A randomized trial to evaluate the impact of a social norm-based behavioral intervention with and without a loss-framed financial incentive. Food Policy, 125: 102646. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2024.102646

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132 Vogel, C., Crozier, S., Penn-Newman, D., Ball, K., Moon, G., Lord, J., Cooper, C. & Baird, J. 2021. Altering product placement to create a healthier layout in supermarkets: Outcomes on store sales, customer purchasing, and diet in a prospective matched controlled cluster study. PLoS Medicine, 18(9). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003729

133 Shaw, S.C., Ntani, G., Baird, J. & Vogel, C.A. 2020. A systematic review of the influences of food store product placement on dietary-related outcomes. Nutrition Reviews, 78(12): 1030–1045. https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuaa024

134 World Cancer Research Fund International. 2024. Incentives and rules to offer healthy food options as a default in food service outlets. См. NOURISHING and MOVING policy databases. [По состоянию на 22 июля 2024 года]. https://policydatabase.wcrf.org/level_one?page=nourishing-level-one#step2=5#step3=317

135 Casagrande, D., Emanuel, L., Freitas, C., Lima, A., Nishimura, F. & Oliveira, F. 2024. Public food procurement and production: Evidence of the food acquisition program in Brazil. Food Policy, 126: 102656. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2024.102656

136 Zimmermann, S. & Lopes, F.A.P. 2008. El programa de adquisición de alimentos de la agricultura familiar en Mirandiba-PE. См. S. Acevedo & M. Arevalo. Aun Hay Tiempo Para el Sol: pobrezas rurales y programas sociales. Gabriala Scotto edition, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, ActionAid. [По состоянию на 31 июля 2024 года]. https://www.academia.edu/5153995/AUN_HAY_TIEMPO_PARA_EL_SOL_POBREZAS_RURALES_Y_PROGRAMAS_SOCIALES_BRASIL_VENEZUELA_GUATEMALA_UNA_MIRADA_DESDE_LO_LOCAL

137 Center for Good Food Purchasing. 2024. Center for Good Food Purchasing. [По состоянию на 23 февраля 2024 года]. https://goodfoodpurchasing.org/

138 City of New York. 2024. Good Food Purchasing. См. NYC Food Policy. [По состоянию на 23 февраля 2024 года]. https://www.nyc.gov/site/foodpolicy/good-food-purchasing/good-food-purchasing.page

139 CUNY Urban Food Policy Institute. 2019. Food and the New York City Budget. A Review and Analysis of Municipal Budget Allocations in Fiscal Years 2019 and 2020. New York, USA. https://cunyurbanfoodpolicy.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/CUFPI_FBNYC_Report_Full_10-29-2019.pdf

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20 FAO. 2022. Halting deforestation from agricultural value chains: the role of governments. Rome. https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/cdde1142-a609-4457-b6a8-b1018b97e32e/content#:~:text=To%20stop%20%2D%20and%20reverse%20%2D%20negative,access%20to%20reliable%20and%20transparent

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23 Fanzo, J., Haddad, L., Schneider, K.R., Béné, C., Covic, N.M., Guarin, A., Herforth, A.W. et al. 2021. Viewpoint: Rigorous monitoring is necessary to guide food system transformation in the countdown to the 2030 global goals. Food Policy, 104: 102163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2021.102163